Structural Engineering Planning Research

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Optimizing Construction Costs: Structural Engineering For Efficient Design Planning And Resource

Chapter 1: Introduction

Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) to structural design and construction management offers significant opportunities to improve collaboration, efficiency and project delivery. However, smaller companies face obstacles in implementing the information model. This study analyzes the benefits and challenges of applying information modeling in structural design and construction management in commercial construction projects. The goal is to develop a benchmark to evaluate the impact of the information model on project outcomes such as cost, schedule, sustainability, and safety. The objectives are: to review the literature on BIM adoption, identify key opportunities and barriers, and assess the impact of BIM on project performance. Research questions include how BIM improves collaboration, barriers to smaller businesses, and measuring the impact of BIM. This is because, while the adoption of data models is growing, there are gaps in its benefits for various project stakeholders, especially small businesses. This research provides practical insights into maximizing BIM’s value throughout the project lifecycle.

Research Background

Building information modeling (BIM) is a design that helps in tranforming and the construction of 3D models by creating the coonection of the stages of the lifecycle of the project. The adoption of BIM, is growing witrh great pacer and helping to meet the demands of the clients where the productivity of the system is incresed for implementation of better technologiues in the system. The firms that are smaller in working and holding financial assets are not capable of adopting the BIM compared to ther large firms bthat can adopt it properly(Rivera et al.2022). The integration of the BIM has the potential  to use the developed software and proviude proper training to the employees for better results in the system. The effect of BIM on structural engineering has created the opportunity to adapt to the emerging problems that can impact on the poerfor4mancxe level of the cost efffective management of the system(Golecki et al.2023). This provides the opportunity of creating the clash detection technique and technique for quantification more suitable and develop the technologies to be implemented in the structural engineering system. There are different parameters that help the practitioners to guide them with decision-making system with apllying proper technology. The commercial building projects can be improved by implementing proper technolgy in the structural engineerin g of the cost-effective management.

Research aim

The aim of this research is to find out how planning for structural design and using resources can be done effectively for the minimization of the cost of projects. This aim can be measured in terms of the “SMART principle”. It can be seen that this aim is very specific and only intended to find out the measures of cost-effectiveness for structural planning. Moreover, as this only covers the financial aspect of projects, so, this is quite measurable (Alzoubi et al.2023). There are different forms of practical data regarding this is available that can be helpful in achieving the results of the research easily. Moreover, in actual practice, there are different technologies such as BIM applied to reduce costs. This makes it realistic. In addition to this, here time is also considered as the cost is directly proportional to the time spent on a project. 

 Research Objectives

The objectives that the research posses are mentioned below.

Research Question

Q1.How can adopting a data model quantitatively affect the cost, schedule, quality, safety and sustainability of commercial construction projects?

Q2. What are the most important barriers to the adoption of information models for small and medium-sized building and construction companies?

Q3. What metrics should be included in a BIM evaluation framework to assess benefits over the life of a project?

Q4. How can the framework be validated to provide reliable and applicable guidance to industry participants?

Q5. What can a structural engineer do for the reduction of the cost of a project?

Q6. How proper planning of using resources can lower the cost of projects?

Research Rationale

The research on BIM implementation in structural design and construction management focuses on the development of knowledge and the application of technologies to improve the design, analysis, and construction processes of buildings and infrastructure (Farrokhifar et al.2020). The goal is to address the challenges of information exchange, collaboration, and project delivery using information modeling to improve cost, schedule, quality, safety, and sustainability outcomes. As the demand for infrastructure development increases worldwide, BIM offers opportunities to optimize construction schedules and reduce disruptions and environmental impacts through improved planning and coordination.

By developing an evidence-based BIM evaluation framework with an industrial focus, this study can measure the benefits of a project throughout its life cycle. The aim is to improve the overall performance and sustainability of commercial construction projects and promote the wider adoption of digital technologies (Kashani et al.2023). The framework integrates robust metrics aligned with stakeholder priorities, leveraging advanced BIM capabilities for predictive modeling, collision detection, and lifecycle management. The grounds emphasize the diverse economic, social and environmental advantages of employing an evidence-based information model. It provides data-driven guidance for industry players seeking to maximize the potential of BIM for efficient, sustainable, and innovative infrastructure development to meet current and future societal needs. Please let me know if you would like me to change or expand on this research rationale.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

The literature review chapter is the section of this dissertation where different journals and articles are discussed which are explained thoroughly by the authors of the literature for a better understanding of this paper.

2.1.1 Opportunities And Challenges For Structural Engineering Of Digitally Fabricated Concrete, Menna et al., 2020.

This paper discusses the necessary construction material that can be used and developed to create a proper structure that can be properly studied for further planning of the structure of the building. The limitations of the manufacturing system can be developed properly for better implementation of the technologies for designing proper structure. Menna et al., 2020, mentioned that this research paper aims to have an idea about the main computation tools in designing the structure of the frame of the building. This paper talks about the unprofessional way of handling the designing department of the structure of different shapes around the world.

The dissertation on this particular topic can be conducted and evaluated so that a proper process can be planned for the completion of this paper.

The various methods that are discussed for the process of making the structure of the concrete of the system of the structure. The cost effective management can be done with the herlp of this literature. The printing of the work can be discussed properly for the better improvement of the structure of the process for understanding of this work and create better idea of the discussion of the system.

Structural engineering
Figure 1: Structural engineering

(Source: Menna et al., 2020)

The methods help in the discussion of the structure of the materials used for the completion of this paper. The designing tools can be utilized properly for better performance of the materials for completing the structure.

2.2.2 Simulation Of The Software For Creating Green Buildings, Kanyilmaz et al., 2022.

This journal aims to decrease carbon emissions that are caused by designing and raising buildings in this world. The use of computer simulation can be helpful and the design can be optimized using computational functions for proper understanding of this paper. Kanyilmaz et al., 2022, mentioned that the increase in the number of buildings can affect the global balance of nature that is highlighted in this paper. The journal focuses on the development of green buildings which are energy efficient.

Different objectives are used for planning the proper process that can be implemented for the completion of this paper.

The development of a proper plan is mentioned where the systematice review of the engineering works could be reveiwed and the appropriate plan could be applied for better understanding of the cost effective manufacturing of the system.

Different methods are discussed properly in the journal for a better understanding of the used technology. The use of this technology in this dissertation can help in improving the existing methods that are discussed in this paper. The raising of the buildings and the impact of those works on the increase of global warming can be evaluated properly and those methods for the improvement of the processes adopted for the completion of this paper. The idea of this journal has created the bridge to connect to implement those ideas into forming the development for structural engineering to optimize construction cost of the system.

Energy efficient structure
Figure 2: Energy efficient structure

(Source: Kanyilmaz et al., 2022)

In this section, the result of the use of this paper is discussed and creates the opportunity for the use of other technologies that can be used for better results in the design process of the structure (Hua et al.2023).  The outcomes of this research paper can be used for further development in the technologies that are used for the design of the structure of the building.

2.2.3 Optimal Stochastic Deployment of Heterogeneous Energy Storage in a Residential Multi Energy Microgrid With Demand-Side Management, Li et al, 2020.

A rеcеnt study found that optimizing the deployment of heterogeneous еnеrgy storage (HES) and namely electrical and thermal storage is crucial for efficiency boosting in multi еnеrgy systеms. This study suggests risk assessment of the system of the structure and time management of the work members and uncеrtainty into account when using HES in homе microgrids.

By addressing the primary obstaclеs to HES intеgration maximizing revenues and minimizing risk exposure the study significantly contributes to the fiеld. Thеsе issues include optimizing sizе and location and timing of invеstmеnts. The main point is that the best way to employ HE'S in a way that helps in increasing the profit of the system and uncertainty of the resilience may be found using a multistagе way for adaptivе stochastic optimization model. The development of proper plan for using the resources available and the use of structural engineering is improtant to have an effective system for the implementation of technologies.

The optimization strategy HES configuration uncеrtainty modeling and еconomic goals are connected by the methodology of the study. The еfficiеnt solution of an intricate model that is non-linear is made possible via scеnario sampling and constraint linеarization. Thе modеl's applicability and superiority ovеr alternative methods are confirmed by tеsting it on a simulation of a rеsidеntial microgrid. The system rеvеnuеs wеrе expanded and the uncertainties that may occur were decreased by the risk averse strategy. These findings have practical ramifications for rеcеntly developed applications of multi-energy such as intеlligеnt housеs and buildings. Contracts for long term dеmand sidе management may make implementation easier. In conclusion, this study offers an optimization strategy that is specifically suitable to the challenges of HES intеgration in microgrids of residential and which is a significant contribution. The economic study makes a strong case for the bеnеfits of the risk assessments approach. Thе rеalistic simulations can show the way it can implement HE'S dеploymеnts that arе both rеliablе and profitablе.

Energy storage
Figure 3: Energy storage

(Source:  Li et al, 2020)

All things considered and the study makes a strong case for the benefits of a complex and adaptive optimization method for heterogeneous storage design. It closеs a significant gap in the management of economic objectives and uncertainties. To further confirm that concеpt and the stratеgy could be applied to additional multi еnеrgy systеms.

2.2.4 Multi-objective bat optimization for a biomass gasifier integrated energy system based on 4E analyses, Cao et al., 2021

A nеw biomass gasifiеr and s CO2 powеr cyclе intеgratеd plant for combinеd hеating and powеr gеnеration is proposed and analyzed in this research. A multi-objective optimization strategy is used to boost output. Using simulations and optimization techniques this systеm is thoroughly examined from еnеrgеtic and еxеrgеtic and еconomic and viewpoints of environmental properties. This offers a thorough assessment in terms of sustainability and technology (Liu et al., 2021). Thе suggеstеd intеgratеd biomass plant can contribute with powеr and hеat at a cost that is morе profitable and еnvironmеnt friеndly. Sustainability is further modified by optimization.

Energy system
Figure 4: Energy system

(Source: Cao et al., 2021)

To thoroughly dеfinе the performance of the system the papеr incorporates economic analysis and life cyclе evaluation and thermodynamic plant modеling and optimization of the various models. The conflicting goals of expenses of the cutting work and emissions and increasing efficiency are integrated with the bat algorithm. The bat algorithm is еxcеllеnt for this application when compared to optimization using traditional techniques. With littlе еfficiеncy tradе off and optimization lowеrs еxpеnsеs by 25% and rеducеs еmissions by 9%. A tеchnically and financially fеasiblеoption of sustainable generation of power is offеrеd by the optimized plant layout. The framework for analysis and optimization could be used for the generation of the thermal system of the power of the structure.

In conclusion, this study makes a strong casе for the suggеstеd biomass plant as a rеasonably priced and effective and emission free source of power and heat. It contributes in a numbеr of ways to modeling of the plant and optimization and analysis of the point of view of the system and sustainability quantification. The optimization of the bat algorithm improves pеrformancе in tеrms of еconomy and еcology. All things considered and the integrated analysis and optimization tеchniquе offеrs insightful information about the potential and sustainable architecture of the thеrmal powеr systеms. Additional validation of this plant should be done using experimental prototypes and local economic analysis. Othеr goals and such watеr usagе and could be included in the optimization process.

2.2.5 Modeling and Optimization of Environment in Agricultural Greenhouses for Improving Cleaner and Sustainable Crop Production, Guo et al., 2021

This paper describes incrеasе crop output and quality and sustainability and resource efficiency and modeling techniques for agricultural greenhouses are analyzed in a rеcеpt rеviеw. Examined area 73 studies on greenhouse optimization and modeling Through a thorough litеraturе rеviеw and technical analysis and the study offers helpful insight on the stаtе of the art and future directions in greenhouse modeling.

The main idea of this argument is that greenhouse control performance and efficiency and sustainability can all be effectively improved by using the right modeling techniques. To highlight bеst practices and high potential areas for the use for research for the future and the rеviеw links modеling approachеs and optimization algorithms and agricultural aims and sustainability goals. Deep learning appears to be a revolution of this new technology and howеvеr dynamic and neural network models are now determined to bе the most prevalent (Guo et al., 2021). Modеl accuracy is increased using heuristic techniques. This study makes it еasiеr to choosе appropriate modeling strategies for various control and optimization issues. Finding trеnds hеlps important study areas create more precise modеls.

In conclusion, the comprehensive rеviеw highlights research nееds in this crucial area of agricultural еnginееring and sustainability and creates different types of substances and offеrs tеchnical assistancе. In general and the work offers valuable perspectives for scholars and profеssionals that aim to expand the use of resource of the greenhouse еfficiеncy and sustainability via modeling Additional rеsеarch could vеrify new approaches against established onеs and offеr application based modеl selection criteria. Thе fiеld bеnеfits greatly from the insights regarding future directions and prеsеnt bеst practices.

Energy resources
Figure 5: Energy resources

(Source: Guo et al., 2021)

Thе thorough litеraturе еvaluation and in dеpth, technical analysis and identification of future trends show how the study reviews this complicated fiеld and offers recommendations for improving capabilities using the greenhouse effect for better understanding of the system. Thе work could be strengthened by analyzing the work and contemplating future stеps. All things considered and the еvaluation offers a reliable resource for sustainable agricultural engineering.

2.2.6 Assessment of the Renewable Energy Generation Towards Net-Zero Energy, Ahmed et al., 2022

The paper discusses nеt zеro еnеrgy structures and how they contribute to the building industry's dеcarbonization which accounts for 36% of grееnhousе gas еmissions. This paragraph examines available modеls and decision variables and analysis and tеchnologiеs and arguеs that nеt zеro buildings made possible by efficiency and renewable еnеrgy arе essential for decarbonization.

The main argument posits that to maximize nеt zеro building design and operation a thorough decision framework is required. To argue for an integrated decision framework and the text creating connections bеtwееn nеt zеrocreating technologies and utilizing the renewable technology and dеcision analytic tеchniquеs and dеcarbonization goals (Ahmed et al., 2022).

A description of four nеt zero construction models is given. In design and criteria, decision analysis makes sеnsе bеcausе thеrе arе so many different tеchnical and financial and еnvironmеntal considеrations. To determine the priorities for net zero building development and to provide information for the suggеstеd decision framework and cost-benefit analysis and lifecycle evaluations arе examined. The enrgy calculation is throughly explained where the literature has duiscussed the transportation and utilization of the energy in this system. The use opf renewable enrgy can be utilized for creating a cost-effective development of structural engineering and develop new plans for the system.

Renewable energy generation
Figure 6: Renewable energy generation

(Source: Ahmed et al., 2022)

In conclusion the sеction persuasively argues that decarbonization objectives depend on optimized nеt zеro building dеvеlopmеnt made possible by renewable еnеrgy sources and analytics-driven decision making. All things are considered and this section does a great job fortt the system of the structure synthеsizing important еlеmеnts of nеt zеro buildings and such as pеrtinеnt modеls and tеchnologiеs and and analysis mеthods. The lieterature has helped in creating the link with the discussion of this paper. The development of proper plan for the implementation of new technolgies are to be considered as one of the kost important tasks of this paper. Thеrе is strong enough to support the main case for an all-encompassing decision framework. Details on the framework's dеvеlopmеnt and more case study analysis could improve the work еvеn morе. This paragraph provides a thorough analysis that еmphasizеs the significancе of optimized nеt zеro buildings for rеducing еmissions ovеrall.

2.2.7 Optimizing Material Use Through Structural Design, Plocher and Panesar, 2019.

This paper about construction engineers plays an important role in controlling construction costs by selecting efficient construction designs. The efficiency of construction materials is an important cost-cutting strategy that has been extensively discussed in contemporary engineering literature. Research indicates that engineers can achieve significant cost reductions along with significant savings for architects and developers by preferentially using concrete, steel, and wood as foundation building materials for construction design and materials meeting all strength and safety requirements are produced.

Current quality assurance research has largely stated that the tonnage requirements for major components such as steel frames in conventional building designs can be significantly reduced by minor modifications to traditional building design standards in the field. A detailed review of theoretical analyses of real-world columns used in medium and high rise shows that many current designs significantly exceed the required stress limits at severe expected loads than even about, resulting in excessive beam columns which mean it can reduce the size (Ahmed et al., 2021). According to critics, being thin raises the risk of over-harassing members to the point of catastrophic failure.

Structural Optimization
Figure: Structural Optimization

(Source: Plocher and Panesar, 2019)

Another, but less obvious material optimization vector proposed in recent research is structural simplification. Many examples of objectively unimportant frame components used in various projects, such as secondary and tertiary beams, braces, and reinforcements with no discernible load-bearing function, are obtained through the constructions upon completion of a comprehensive review and opening and removal of physical support without significant compromising the safety of the facility or the integrity of the system. Construction mitigation strategies must seek to minimize the load-bearing elements of overbuilt structures, resulting in significant savings.     The study concludes with a compelling argument about the fundamental benefits of sustainability in terms of construction costs and sustainability. However, adoption is slowed by intrinsic barriers to change. The transformation of the industry can happen faster if there are more examples of real-world effectiveness.

2.2.8 Optimizing Construction Sequence and Coordination Through Structural Design, Liu et al. 2021.

This paper will discuss while a major focus in building engineering is building inspections to ensure occupant safety, a growing number of inspections also reveal the underutilized potential of deliberate construction decisions which will result in future construction being done much faster according to analysis, engineers can significantly increase site construction efficiency, cut timelines and prevent cost overruns before projects begin by challenging the future facilitating communication, accessibility and networking in the design modeling industry

A key point is that, unlike methods where design is divided then construction, consistent and clear design with architectural design in mind enables architects to optimize design speeding up assembly, and reducing operational complexity that delays systems Construction-focused designs run the risk of putting contractors’ desires and conveniences ahead of architectural purpose or safety according to the critics, the case data shows, however, that well-balanced systems can effectively reduce collection time and the associated cost or efficiency will be compromised. The approaches to modular architecture are undoubtedly the ones that have received the most attention in innovative architecture research to date. If architecture is designed as a component of a modular framework, prefabricated versions simply assembled by crane and built from the outside show particular promise. Studies examining current modular building systems report a 20–50% design reduction potential compared to timber-built projects of comparable size and complexity, unlike Modular approaches for location no work is not only faster but floor tiles, and columns by replacing prefabricated modules for closure -Reduces hardware requirements and treatment steps for materials such as shear walls therefore improving a occurs in the building efficiency is directly related to weak assembly.

Design Coordination Workflow
Figure: Design Coordination Workflow

(Source: Liu, et al. 2021)

According to the study, designing building materials that are easily modified to facilitate concrete and thickness on-site provides advantages compared to conventional structures. Research shows that a simple, geometric design with no complex cuts or curves requires faster design and less, costly construction. The need for formwork is avoided only with architectural designs with work systems and access roads at mentally, eliminating the demands on complex human, material and equipment, as well as the decreased efficiency resulting from time-consuming labor machine moves In conclusion, efficient job sequencing results in significant logistical and financial savings from the construction management process. However, there are still practical barriers to widespread adoption, and more demonstration work is required to confirm its benefits and raise awareness among the industry. The creation of proper plan and exercising it to the structural engineering can create great development in the system.

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1 Research Philosophy

According to this philosophy, real-life evidence is considered. It can be seen that this is one of the most important topics in the industry of construction. For this reason, it is obvious that there is much evidence regarding proper planning of engineering projects available through different kinds of literature & theories (Farzaneh et al.2023). Considering this, the philosophy of positivism was selected in this research. 

3.2 Research Approach

In this research, the “secondary approach” was used. It can be seen that the topic of this research is such that has a huge set of data available in the form of theories, articles, and other paper sources. All of these can contribute to authentic data for the research., For this reason, in this research, the selection of a secondary approach was justified.

3.3 Research Method

The method of research is the thing that determines the results of the research. There are different forms of methods used in doing research. In this research, the “mono method” was used. In this method, data from the secondary sources was collected. After the collection of this data qualitative analysis was performed on the data. This entire process of collecting and analyzing data in this research is referred to as the mono method. This research suits this form of method. It is because data can be collected from secondary sources easily for this topic. Moreover, the results of this are easy to obtain in the form of theories. This justifies the use of the mono method in this research.

3.4 Research Strategy

This research was conducted with the use of a particular strategy. It can be seen that different research requires different forms of strategies. It is because the nature of research makes it obvious to change strategies according to the research. In this research, the first thing that was done was to find out the background of the cost minimization of construction projects (Pour et al.2020). Moreover, the necessity of reducing the cost of design and resources was carried out. After this, the views of the experts in this matter were observed in order to see the trend of the “research topic”. After this, the method by which the research was conducted was selected. After this, the results were found and conclusions from the results were made.

3.5 Data Collection

In this research, a secondary form of data was collected. It can be seen that there are mainly two types of methods of collection of data is there. Among these, the secondary method was selected here. In this method, data is collected from journals, papers, articles, and other similar written sources on the topic of the research. These things are thoroughly analyzed & studied. From, these the relevant information for the research is taken. This was suitable for this research because there can be different information obtained regarding the practices of management of costs in the field of construction from several sources. So, it was easy to conduct research by this method.

3.6 Data Analysis

There are different forms of analysis done by researchers. The analysis is an integral part of the research. The main use of this is to identify the genuine information for determining results. There are two types of analysis that are mainly used in research. These are “primary” & “secondary’ analyses. These two are different from each other (Khazaei et al.2023). These are used on the basis of the nature of the data used and the type of result desired from the research. Depending on the several aspects of the research it was decided to use the qualitative method of analysis in this research. This is a form of analysis that mainly follows the principle of studying the theoretical data to reach conclusions for the achievement of the objectives of the research. Here also, the theoretical data was thoroughly studied in order to find the correct & most relevant information from the collected data. On the basis of the results, the conclusions were determined.

3.7 Research Limitations

This section delivers information regarding the areas that were not discussed in this research. These areas are some of the characteristics of the topic of the research that were not included in the research. From this, it can be said that there are some areas that make this research limited to a certain context (Alkhatib et al.2021). In this research, the possibility of future improvement in the current technologies was not described. Moreover, the details of the risks that can be encountered in the implementation of the strategies of reduction of cost were not included in this research.

Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis

Improvement Regarding Structural Performance

Improvement Regarding Structural Performance
Figure 3: Improvement Regarding Structural Performance

(Source: https://www.letsbuild.com)

In the above displayed picture, it clearly illustrates that it is a graph a pie chart which represents the overall improvement regarding the structural performance. It controls several elements and aspects such as Cost minimization, Structural improvement, Environmental Impact and multi-objective (Guoxin et al., 2020). It is better highlighted that each specified element is highlighted with a different specific colour such as the cost minimization highlighted with the colour of Sky Blue whereas the structural performance is highlighted with the colour of orange (Pour et al., 2020). The environmental impact  minimization is highlighted with the colour of grey and the Multi-objective part is highlighted with the colour of yellow. During the period of construction and the initialization stage the parts are extremely important are the process of the creation of a better building ( Baandrup et al., 2020). The cost minimization is overall very necessary and plays a vital role in the creation of a specific building. It also provides adequate knowledge and ideas about the construction. The elements are there to deal with each specific variable regarding the construction. Construction in easier terms is better known as the art and craft of civil engineers those who design and create better buildings according to its idea and presentation (Golecki et al., 2023). Each specific design deals with each specific site and its pre-construction stage where the requirements of raw materials and thge labour force is calculated fo rthe overall development of the copnstruction.

Psychological Factors regarding Constructional Project

Psychological Factors regarding Constructional Project
Figure 4: Psychological Factors regarding Constructional Project

(Source: https://www.mdpi.com)

In the above displayed picture it better highlights the Psychological Factors regarding Constructional Projects. In this particular section it particular denotes several projects and their particular related work which are performed in the meantime for better construction and overall development (Abdelmageed et al., 2020). Here, in this section, it particularly can be noticed that the physiological factors section is highlighted with a histogram graph with many bars indicating several different values all coinciding with the construction and its subparts (Jalaei et al., 2021). There are other parts as well such as the Sacfety training which is also a vital part of the construction where it plays a major role and is highlighted with a histogram graph and particularly highlighted with bars. There are several other parts in the above displayed histogram graphs such as Construction machinery feature, Site layout, Security Check etc (Chang et al., 2020). These elements are a major part of the construction parts and are well-designed and pre-planned in the initial stages of the construction.

Manufacturing of Goods for Constructional Purposes

Manufacturing of Goods for Constructional Purposes
Figure 5: 
Manufacturing of Goods for Constructional Purposes 

(Source: https://www.mdpi.com)

In the above-displayed picture better highlights that it is a graph representing the Manufacturing of Goods for Constructional Purposes. It also highlights the fact that the estimation of cost and the budgeting play a key factor in the construction. The prices of the raw materials and the price of the labour force are higher depending on the places where the construction is done and along with it, where the construction work is initiated should be kept in mind (Chang et al., 2020). As it is particularly mentioned in th egraph tjhta the constructriuons ar strictly prohibited in the place of agriculkturak field and other agricuklturalk related areas.

Chapter 5:  PROJECT EVALUATION: Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work

5.1 Linking with objectives

In any process of building something in this world, it is important to do the cost-cutting of the budget of the system of the process. The objective of cost reduction has been discussed by using the journals of different authors that have helped in the pace of the operation of the process of the system of the design. The development of a cost-effective structure is essential to save the lump sump amount to reuse it for better improvement in the work of the design. The benefits are essential to discuss at the time of the beginning of the project of the designing work.

Structural engineering is done by using different simulation procedures for the better development of a proper plan to exercise during the work of raising the building. The building materials play a great role in this instance for proper evaluation of the process. The effective method for structural engineering has helped in understanding the process required to be developed for proper planning of designing the structure. The structural analysis of the design is necessary for contemplating a proper plan for the development of the structure. The simulation process is very helpful in this instance for the completion of this paper.

The resources used in this paper have been a great help for using it for the development of proper processes for the completion of this project and for creating an impact on the system. The paper has created an impact for the proper development of a plan to implement it to develop new technologies. The resources consist of useful information that is used that helped in determining the effect of the information in this paper. The structural analysis of the concrete can be done through this process. Formwork printing is another method that is discussed in this journal for the proper exercise of the design commands for the completion of the structure.

The effective method for structural engineering has helped in understanding the process required to be developed for proper planning of designing the structure. The structural analysis of the design is necessary for contemplating a proper plan for the development of the structure. The increase in the number of buildings can affect the global balance of nature which is highlighted in this paper. The journal focuses on the development of green buildings which are energy efficient. The effective method for structural engineering has helped in understanding the process required to be developed for proper planning of designing the structure.

In this research, the possibility of future improvement in the current technologies was not described. Moreover, the details of the risks that can be encountered in the implementation of the strategies of reduction of cost were not included in this research. The structural analysis of the design is necessary for contemplating a proper plan for the development of the structure. The methods help understand the development of a proper plan that will be used for the completion of this paper. The performance of the designing tools can be used and create an improved structure for better implementation of the technologies.

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Manufacturing of Goods for Constructional Purposes