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A) The daily changes that occur in the weather of an ecosystem.
B) The gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time.
C) The extinction of species due to natural disasters.
D) The migration of animals from one ecosystem to another.
Correct Answer: B)
The gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time.
Explanation
In nature, the ecosystems go through varied changes on a regular basis. Ecological Succession refers to the natural, gradual change in the types of plants, animals, and organisms that make up an ecosystem. In time, a community is replaced by another through natural events like forest fires, floods, and so on. Over time, a single community will occupy the space, and that would be considered an ecological succession.
|
Type |
Description |
Example |
|
Primary Succession |
Occurs in lifeless areas with no soil or organisms |
After a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat |
|
Secondary Succession |
Happens in areas where an ecosystem was disturbed but soil remains |
After a forest fire or flood |
? Break down rock and begin soil formation
? Soil becomes richer
? Biodiverse and self-sustaining
Primary succession starts where there was no past presence of a stable ecosystem. It is mainly noticed during the emergence of new land after a volcanic eruption, glacier retreat or new island formation. Secondary succession happens when the existing ecosystem has been affected but not completely destroyed. Forest fires, floods, and tornadoes are some common reasons behind the secondary succession.
After the emergence of a new yet barren ecosystem, the first species to inhabit it are called pioneer species. It includes bacteria, fungi, algae, moss, etc.
A: Yes, humans can affect succession. As a matter of fact many human activities, including pollution and urbanisation, have directly or indirectly resulted in ecological succession.
A: After a succession, there comes a stage where there is a stable and mature ecosystem. These ecosystems are self-sustaining and biodiverse unless affected by some external events. This stage refers to the climax community.
A: Not exactly. The rate of succession and its final output can't be predicted unless there are no external factors. After all, it depends variably on varied factors including soil, climate, species, and disturbances.
